Gum diseases are conditions characterized by inflammation of the gums and the supporting tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontology is the branch of dentistry dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of these diseases. Typically presenting with symptoms such as gum bleeding, swelling, redness, and bad breath, these conditions can progress to tooth loss if left untreated. The main causes include plaque and tartar buildup, inadequate oral hygiene, genetic factors, and systemic diseases. Regular dental check-ups, effective oral hygiene practices, and professional cleanings can prevent or control these issues.

Types of Gum Diseases

• Gingivitis: The early stage of gum inflammation; it is reversible with proper care.

• Periodontitis: An advanced gum disease affecting the supporting tissues; if untreated, it can lead to tooth loss.

• Abscesses: Painful infections caused by the accumulation of pus in the gums or surrounding areas.

• Traumatic Gum Problems: Physical damage caused by improper brushing, teeth grinding, and similar factors.

What Are the Symptoms?

• Bleeding during brushing or spontaneously

• Swelling, redness, and sensitivity in the gums

• Persistent bad breath

• Feeling of loose teeth

• Gum recession and widening gaps between teeth

Treatment Methods

• Scaling and Root Planing (Deep Cleaning): Removal of plaque and tartar causing gum inflammation.

• Curettage (Root Surface Smoothing): Cleaning of inflamed tissues beneath the gum line.

• Medication: Use of local antiseptics or systemic antibiotics as supportive treatment.

• Surgical Interventions: Removal of inflamed tissues through advanced surgical techniques when necessary.